I’ve explored the 15 best compost bins, from small indoor options like compostable bags and countertop units to large outdoor tumblers and garden bins. Each one is designed to make turning yard waste into rich soil easier and more efficient. Whether you want something compact or high-capacity, I’ve found options that are eco-friendly, odorless, and user-friendly. Keep going to discover more details about choosing the perfect compost bin for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- Different types of compost bins, including indoor, outdoor, tumblers, and worm composters, cater to various space and waste needs.
- Features like odor control, ease of turning, and capacity significantly impact composting efficiency and user convenience.
- Durable, weather-resistant materials ensure outdoor bins withstand elements and last longer with minimal maintenance.
- Size options range from compact countertop bins for small households to large outdoor units for extensive yard waste.
- Selecting the right compost bin depends on space, waste volume, ease of use, and desired composting speed.
3 Gallon Compostable Trash Bags (100 Bags, BPI Certified & ASTM D6400 Standard)
If you’re looking for an eco-friendly way to manage kitchen waste, these 3-gallon compostable trash bags are an excellent choice. Packaged in 100-count rolls, they’re perfect for small compost bins, countertop food prep, and daily organic waste collection. Made from plant-based PLA and PBAT, they meet BPI certification and ASTM D6400 standards, ensuring they biodegrade within 180 days in industrial composting facilities. These bags are strong, leak-resistant, and easy to handle, ideal for fruit peels, coffee grounds, and plant trimmings. Using them helps reduce plastic waste and supports sustainable gardening, making your composting efforts both effective and environmentally responsible.
Best For: eco-conscious individuals and households seeking an environmentally friendly, leak-resistant solution for small-scale kitchen or compost waste management.
Pros:
- Biodegradable and certified to meet ASTM D6400 standards, ensuring environmentally safe disposal
- Strong, durable, and leak-resistant, capable of handling various organic wastes without tearing
- Convenient 100-bag roll size, easy to dispense and suitable for daily use in small compost bins or countertop containers
Cons:
- May require careful handling to prevent tearing when filled with branches or snagged
- Best used within one year of purchase; storage conditions are important to maintain quality
- Limited capacity (3 gallons), not suitable for larger waste volumes or heavy-duty tasks
All Seasons Indoor Composter Starter Kit (5 Gallon Tan Compost Bin)
The All Seasons Indoor Composter Starter Kit stands out as an ideal choice for beginners and small-space dwellers who want an easy, odor-free way to compost indoors year-round. Its 5-gallon BPA-free plastic bin features a tan color, green lid, handle, built-in strainer, and spigot for convenience. The included bokashi compost starter helps reduce odors and break down food waste efficiently. Designed for continuous use, you simply add scraps, sprinkle starter, and seal the lid after each meal. Its compact size fits comfortably in kitchens, apartments, or classrooms, making indoor composting simple, odorless, and accessible anytime, regardless of the season.
Best For: Beginners and small-space dwellers seeking an easy, odor-free indoor composting solution for year-round use.
Pros:
- Compact and space-saving design ideal for small kitchens, apartments, or classrooms
- Natural odor control using bokashi compost starter eliminates the need for filters or charcoal
- Includes a built-in strainer and spigot for easy draining and maintenance
Cons:
- Limited 5-gallon capacity may require frequent emptying for high waste households
- Requires purchasing and handling bokashi compost starter separately
- Indoor composting may produce some initial odor if not sealed properly
Compost Bin Outdoor, 80 Gallon Garden Compost Bin
Gardeners seeking a long-lasting, weather-resistant compost bin will appreciate the 80-gallon outdoor model from Toolsempire. Made from BPA-free, durable PP plastic, it withstands rain, sun, and wind, making it ideal for outdoor use. Its compact, rectangular design maximizes space in small yards and gardens. The vented structure promotes airflow, speeding up composting in just 6-8 weeks during hot weather. With a top lid, sliding door, and grooved drainage, it’s easy to add waste, remove finished compost, and prevent water pooling. Easy to assemble without tools, this sturdy bin combines efficiency, durability, and user-friendly features for all-season composting.
Best For: gardeners and outdoor enthusiasts seeking a durable, large-capacity compost bin that efficiently converts yard and kitchen waste into nutrient-rich compost all year round.
Pros:
- Made from weather-proof, BPA-free PP plastic for long-lasting outdoor use.
- Large 80-gallon capacity reduces the frequency of emptying and supports extensive composting needs.
- Easy to assemble without tools and designed to prevent pests, making it user-friendly for beginners and experienced gardeners alike.
Cons:
- Cannot ferment plastics or chemical substances, limiting waste types.
- The size, while space-efficient, may still be too large for very small yards or tight spaces.
- May require regular monitoring to ensure proper aeration and prevent odor or pest issues.
Electric Composter for Kitchen Indoor, 2.5L Countertop Compost Bin, Odorless Food Waste Composting Machine with Auto-Clean & LED Display
Designed for urban households and those with limited space, the Growell Electric Composter offers a compact, efficient way to manage kitchen waste indoors. It quickly reduces food scraps by over 85% in 4 hours or over 90% in 6 hours, perfect for a family of four. Its 2.5L capacity fits neatly on countertops, combining style with practicality. The built-in activated carbon filter guarantees 100% odor control, keeping your kitchen fresh. With quiet operation, energy efficiency, and features like auto-clean and an LED display, this composter makes indoor composting simple, eco-friendly, and mess-free—transforming kitchen waste into nutrient-rich compost effortlessly.
Best For: urban households and individuals with limited space seeking an efficient, odorless, and eco-friendly indoor composting solution.
Pros:
- Rapid composting reduces food waste by over 85% in just 4 hours, saving time and space.
- 100% odor control with built-in activated carbon filter keeps your kitchen smelling fresh.
- User-friendly features like auto-clean, LED display, and quiet operation make maintenance simple and convenient.
Cons:
- The 2.5L capacity may require frequent emptying for larger households or high waste production.
- Activated carbon filters need replacement every 90 uses, adding to ongoing maintenance costs.
- Limited to indoor use, so it may not handle larger volumes of composting material for outdoor gardening needs.
VIVOSUN Outdoor Tumbling Composter, 43 Gallon Black
If you want efficient composting with minimal effort, the VIVOSUN Outdoor Tumbling Composter offers a standout solution. Its 43-gallon capacity and dual-chamber design allow you to add fresh waste while completing compost in the other, ensuring continuous production. The 360° tumbling feature makes turning easy, thanks to deep fins that promote thorough mixing and oxygen flow. Constructed from galvanized steel and durable plastic, it’s built to withstand outdoor elements. While assembly can be a bit challenging, once set up, it rotates smoothly and produces rich compost. Plus, air vents prevent odor buildup, making it a reliable, long-lasting choice for transforming garden waste into nutrient-rich soil.
Best For: Home gardeners and outdoor composters seeking an efficient, durable, and easy-to-use tumbling compost bin for continuous compost production.
Pros:
- Easy 360° tumbling design simplifies turning and mixing compost without manual labor
- Sturdy construction with galvanized steel and durable plastic resists weather and corrosion
- Large 43-gallon capacity ideal for bigger gardens and high-volume composting
Cons:
- Assembly can be tedious and time-consuming, especially fitting the center divider and tight parts
- Small access doors limit the amount of waste that can be added at one time
- Micro-holes for aeration may allow small fragments to escape and can leak liquids during rotation
FCMP Outdoor IM4000 Dual Chamber Tumbling Composter
The FCMP Outdoor IM4000 Dual Chamber Tumbling Composter stands out for its efficient dual-chamber system, allowing continuous composting without interruption. Made in Canada from eco-friendly, durable materials like post-consumer recycled plastic and galvanized steel, it’s built to last. The tumbling design makes mixing effortless—just turn it 5-6 times every few days—eliminating manual digging. Large openings and removable doors simplify adding scraps and harvesting compost. Its deep fins improve mixing and aeration, speeding up composting. With two chambers, you can add fresh waste while the other finishes, ensuring a steady supply of rich soil in as little as two weeks.
Best For: home gardeners and DIY composters seeking an eco-friendly, easy-to-use system for continuous composting.
Pros:
- Dual-chamber design allows for ongoing composting without interruption.
- Made from durable, eco-friendly recycled plastic and galvanized steel for longevity.
- Tumble mechanism simplifies mixing, reducing physical effort and time.
Cons:
- May require some space due to its size, which could be a concern for small yards.
- Initial setup might be challenging for complete beginners unfamiliar with composting processes.
- The tumbling motion may cause some noise during operation.
Utopia Kitchen Compost Bin for Kitchen Countertop
The Utopia Kitchen Compost Bin is an excellent choice for small households that want a sleek, durable, and odor-controlled solution for kitchen waste. Its 1.3-gallon capacity is perfect for handling scraps from 2-3 people, fitting easily on countertops or under sinks. Made of stainless steel, it resists rust and scratches, maintaining a stylish look over time. The tight-fitting lid with charcoal filters traps odors naturally, preventing leaks and pests. Easy to clean with just warm soapy water, this bin offers a simple, eco-friendly way to manage kitchen waste while complementing modern kitchen decor. Its sturdy handle makes transporting scraps to your compost pile effortless.
Best For: small households or individuals seeking a stylish, durable, and odor-controlled compost bin for kitchen waste management.
Pros:
- Made of stainless steel for durability, rust resistance, and a sleek appearance that complements modern kitchens
- Tight-fitting lid with charcoal filters effectively traps odors and prevents pests
- Easy to clean with just warm soapy water, no plastic inner buckets needed, simplifying maintenance
Cons:
- The lid can be difficult to open with one hand, requiring two hands for some users
- Slightly smaller capacity (1.3 gallons) may require more frequent emptying for larger households
- Handle screw may loosen over time, though easily fixable
OXO Good Grips Compost Bin, 1.75 Gallon
Designed for busy kitchens, the OXO Good Grips Compost Bin offers a convenient 1.75-gallon capacity that’s perfect for daily use. Its durable charcoal plastic and sleek oval shape fit well on countertops or under sinks, blending seamlessly into any decor. The soft-close lid stays open while you add scraps and seals tightly to contain odors, thanks to ventilation that promotes airflow. The interior is smooth and dishwasher safe, making cleanup easy. A fold-down handle simplifies transport to larger compost bins. Many users love its compact size, odor control, and modern look, though some note staining on lighter colors. Overall, it’s a practical and stylish choice for indoor composting.
Best For: busy individuals and small households seeking a compact, odor-controlled compost bin that fits seamlessly into kitchen spaces.
Pros:
- Stylish, modern design that blends well with various kitchen decors
- Easy to clean with dishwasher-safe interior and smooth surface
- Effective odor containment with vented soft-close lid and stay-open feature during use
Cons:
- May stain over time, especially in lighter colors
- Slightly small capacity for larger households or high waste generation
- Some users find the size limiting for daily composting needs
Compost Tumbler for Garden and Yard Waste
A compost tumbler with dual chambers is an excellent choice for gardeners who want to speed up their composting process without the hassle of manual turning. This 45-gallon, dual-chamber bin features a durable polypropylene and powder-coated steel construction, resistant to sun and corrosion. Its hexagonal shape and large openings make adding scraps and removing compost easy. With a smooth rotation of 5-6 times every few days, it enhances aeration and mixing, promoting faster composting. The two chambers allow continuous operation—while one processes, the other is ready for new waste. Overall, it’s a sturdy, efficient option suitable for both beginners and seasoned composters.
Best For: gardeners seeking an efficient, durable composting solution that allows continuous operation with minimal manual effort.
Pros:
- Dual chambers enable ongoing composting without interruption, ideal for consistent use.
- Constructed from weather-resistant polypropylene and steel, ensuring durability and longevity.
- Large openings and easy assembly make adding waste and removing finished compost simple and quick.
Cons:
- Some users report slow composting times, taking over 8 weeks to produce usable compost.
- Assembly may require tools like a rubber mallet and screw gun, which might be challenging for some.
- Price can vary, and lower prices found elsewhere may warrant price comparison before purchasing.
Simplehuman Compost Caddy, 4 Liter Brushed Stainless Steel
If you’re looking for a sleek, space-efficient way to manage kitchen scraps, the Simplehuman Compost Caddy is an excellent choice. Made of durable brushed stainless steel, it has a modern rectangular design that fits easily on your countertop. Its 4-liter capacity is perfect for small households, and the magnetic docking system keeps it securely attached to compatible trash cans. The soft-seal lid minimizes odors and pests, while the removable inner bucket makes cleaning a breeze. Plus, it comes with 30 compostable liners, simplifying waste disposal. Overall, it’s a stylish, low-maintenance solution that helps keep your kitchen clean and odor-free while supporting composting efforts.
Best For: small households or individuals seeking a sleek, space-efficient, and odor-controlled composting solution for their kitchen scraps.
Pros:
- Stylish brushed stainless steel design that complements modern kitchens
- Compact 4-liter capacity ideal for limited space and weekly emptying
- Effective odor control with soft-seal lid and removable inner bucket
Cons:
- Liners can tear easily, possibly requiring double-bagging for certain scraps
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic compost bins
- May be less suitable for large households needing bigger capacity
SUPERBIO 1.6 Gallon Compostable Food Scrap Bags (50 Count)
The SUPERBIO 1.6 Gallon Compostable Food Scrap Bags are an excellent choice for anyone with a small countertop compost bin, thanks to their convenient 6-liter capacity and sturdy tear-proof design. Each bag measures 16.1 by 19.3 inches and is made from plant-based biodegradable plastic, making them eco-friendly and safe for food waste. Packaged in a roll of 50, they’re designed for easy handling with handle ties and reinforced bottoms to support heavier loads. Certified by BPI and OK compost INDUSTRIAL, these bags break down into organic matter within months, supporting sustainable waste disposal—perfect for small-scale composting in eco-conscious households.
Best For: households and individuals with small countertop compost bins seeking eco-friendly, durable, and convenient food waste disposal bags.
Pros:
- Eco-friendly, biodegradable, and certified by BPI and OK compost INDUSTRIAL standards.
- Sturdy tear-proof design with reinforced bottoms and handle ties for easy sealing and lifting.
- Perfect size (16.1 x 19.3 inches) and capacity (1.6 gallons) for small compost bins, with high customer satisfaction.
Cons:
- Thin material may cause leaks with wet or acidic waste.
- Designed for industrial composting facilities, which may not be available in all locations.
- Limited shelf life of approximately one year; needs proper storage to maintain quality.
Prime Electric Composter, 14L Kitchen Food Waste Decomposer
For those seeking a sleek, countertop composting solution that fits seamlessly into their kitchen, the Prime Electric Composter with its 14L capacity stands out. Made from modern silver polypropylene, it sports a compact, rectangular design that complements any decor. Operating whisper-quiet at just 28 dB, it’s energy-efficient and features a 3-layer filter system to control odors effectively. It quickly transforms food waste—meat, cheese, fruit, vegetables—within 2-24 hours into rich compost. Easy to set up and clean, it includes essential accessories like filters, a starter pack, and a shovel, making composting straightforward and odorless.
Best For: individuals seeking an elegant, quiet, and efficient countertop composting solution that easily fits into modern kitchens.
Pros:
- Sleek, modern design that complements kitchen decor.
- Whisper-quiet operation at just 28 dB, minimizing noise disturbance.
- Rapid composting process transforming food waste into nutrient-rich compost within 2-24 hours.
Cons:
- Potential mechanical issues such as grinding noises or fan malfunctions over time.
- Requires regular maintenance like filter cleaning to ensure optimal performance.
- Some fibrous food items may take longer to decompose, possibly needing additional time or adjustments.
Miracle-Gro Dual Chamber Compost Tumbler
With its two 27.7-gallon chambers, the Miracle-Gro Dual Chamber Compost Tumbler is perfect for gardeners seeking a continuous, hassle-free way to produce rich compost. Its large capacity allows for steady production of nutrient-rich “black gold,” supporting healthy plants and bountiful harvests. The dual chamber design lets you add ingredients to one side while curing compost on the other, ensuring a constant supply of fertilizer. Easy to rotate, it speeds up decomposition without manual digging or turning. Built with durable galvanized steel and weather-resistant materials, it’s reliable year-round. This tumbler simplifies composting, making it accessible and efficient for gardeners of all levels.
Best For: Home gardeners and compost enthusiasts seeking an efficient, large-capacity composting solution with minimal effort and year-round durability.
Pros:
- Dual chambers enable continuous composting and curing, ensuring a steady supply of fertilizer
- Large 27.7-gallon capacity per chamber supports high-volume compost production
- Durable galvanized steel construction and weather-resistant materials for all-season use
Cons:
- May be bulky and require ample space in the garden area
- Rotating the tumbler might require some effort for users with limited strength
- Plastic components, while BPA-free, could be prone to UV degradation over very long periods
iDOO Electric Kitchen Composter with Carbon Filter
If you’re looking for an efficient indoor composting solution, the iDOO Electric Kitchen Composter stands out thanks to its 3L capacity and one-touch self-cleaning feature. It’s perfect for handling kitchen waste like vegetable scraps, paper towels, and shells, transforming them into dry compost within six hours through high-temperature drying and grinding. The aluminum blades efficiently reduce waste volume, while the upgraded carbon filter controls odors, allowing silent operation even in winter. Its compact size and customizable start times make it energy-efficient and easy to use. Overall, it’s a convenient, eco-friendly way to manage waste and produce compost for your plants.
Best For: individuals and families seeking an eco-friendly, odor-controlled indoor composting solution to reduce kitchen waste and produce nutrient-rich compost for gardening.
Pros:
- Efficiently transforms kitchen waste into dry compost within six hours using high-temperature drying and grinding.
- Equipped with upgraded carbon filters that effectively control odors, enabling silent operation even during winter.
- Compact, easy-to-use design with a one-touch self-cleaning feature, suitable for small to medium-sized kitchens.
Cons:
- Some users may experience issues with odors or fruit fly problems if maintenance and filter replacements are neglected.
- Customer service or support might be slow or inconsistent for certain users.
- The device’s capacity (3L) may be limited for larger households with higher waste generation.
Compost Tumbler Bin with Gardening Gloves
Looking to streamline your composting process while protecting your hands? The Compost Tumbler Bin with Gardening Gloves is a fantastic choice. Its dual-chamber design, with a 43-gallon capacity, makes continuous composting easy—just add waste to one side while the other matures. The tumbler’s rotation accelerates decay by introducing oxygen, thanks to paddles inside and insulated compartments that retain heat. It’s lightweight, sturdy, and simple to turn, even when full. Plus, it comes bundled with Pearsons Gardening Gloves, latex rubber gloves perfect for digging and planting. This combo combines efficiency, convenience, and protection, making organic waste recycling straightforward for any gardener.
Best For: home gardeners and composting enthusiasts seeking an efficient, easy-to-use system for organic waste recycling with added hand protection.
Pros:
- Dual-chamber design allows continuous composting, saving time and effort.
- Rotating mechanism accelerates decomposition by increasing oxygen flow and heat.
- Bundled gardening gloves enhance protection during handling and gardening tasks.
Cons:
- Assembly can be time-consuming and may require careful handling of small nuts and bolts.
- Plastic components might loosen slightly over extended use but remain functional.
- The size may be less suitable for large-scale composting needs or very large households.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Compost Bins
When choosing a compost bin, I consider factors like size and capacity to match my garden’s needs, as well as the material’s durability to guarantee it lasts. Ease of use and odor control features also matter, making the composting process simpler and cleaner. Finally, I keep an eye on price to find options that fit my budget without sacrificing quality.
Size and Capacity
Choosing the right compost bin size and capacity is essential for efficient waste management and healthy composting. The size determines how much organic material you can process before needing to empty it, so pick a capacity that matches your household’s waste output. Smaller bins, around 1 to 3 gallons, work well for countertops and small households, while larger bins—80 gallons or more—are ideal for outdoor gardens or heavy waste producers. Consider the physical dimensions to ensure it fits in your available space. Keep in mind, larger bins require more effort to manage and turn, so balance capacity with your ability to maintain it properly. Selecting a bin that aligns with your waste volume and space will streamline composting and keep the process manageable.
Material and Durability
The material of a compost bin plays a crucial role in its durability, weather resistance, and lifespan. High-quality plastics, like UV-inhibited or BPA-free polypropylene, are lightweight, weather-resistant, and resistant to cracking or fading over time. Metal options such as galvanized or powder-coated steel offer superior durability, resisting rust, corrosion, and outdoor elements, making them ideal for long-term use. The thickness and construction quality also matter; thicker materials can better withstand impacts, pests, and environmental stressors. Eco-friendly choices, like recycled plastic, combine durability with sustainability, reducing environmental impact. When choosing a compost bin, consider the material’s ability to endure harsh weather and physical wear, ensuring your investment lasts and performs well over time.
Ease of Use
Selecting a compost bin that’s user-friendly can make the entire composting process much more enjoyable and efficient. Look for bins with simple lid or opening mechanisms that require minimal effort and prevent spills. Features like built-in aeration or tumbling systems can considerably reduce manual turning, making mixing easier. Clear indicators or visual windows let you monitor progress without opening the bin, saving time and minimizing mess. Lightweight, ergonomically designed handles make moving the bin safer and more comfortable. Additionally, intuitive controls such as one-touch buttons or automatic features enhance convenience, encouraging consistent use. A compost bin that’s easy to operate not only simplifies the process but also boosts your motivation to compost regularly, helping you turn waste into rich soil with less hassle.
Odor Control Features
Since unpleasant odors can quickly become a problem during composting, it’s important to look for bins that incorporate effective odor control features. Many top-rated compost bins use sealed lids, filters, or ventilation systems to trap odors and prevent them from escaping. Activated charcoal filters are especially popular because they absorb and neutralize smells, keeping the composting environment fresh. Dual-chamber or tumbling designs also improve aeration, reducing anaerobic conditions that cause foul odors. Additionally, maintaining a proper balance of green (nitrogen-rich) and brown (carbon-rich) materials minimizes odor-causing buildup. Regular maintenance, like cleaning and replacing filters, is essential to guarantee odor control. Choosing a bin with these features ensures a more pleasant composting experience while producing high-quality soil.
Price and Budget
Choosing the right compost bin often comes down to finding a balance between features and cost. I recommend setting a budget range because prices vary widely—from under $20 for small indoor models to over $200 for large outdoor tumblers. Think about whether a one-time purchase fits your budget or if ongoing expenses, like liners or filters, are manageable. It’s important to evaluate the cost-to-capacity ratio to ensure the bin meets your volume needs without overspending. Don’t just go for the cheapest option; compare features like durability, ease of use, and eco-certifications to get the best value. Sometimes, investing a bit more upfront in a quality bin saves money long-term by reducing replacements and maintenance.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Does It Typically Take for Compost to Be Ready?
You’re wondering how long it takes for compost to be ready. Usually, I find that compost matures in about 3 to 6 months, depending on factors like temperature, moisture, and what you put in it. Turning the pile occasionally speeds things up. If I keep the conditions right, I can have rich, dark compost that’s perfect for my garden in just a few months.
Can Compost Bins Be Used Indoors Safely?
Sure, compost bins can be used indoors safely if you choose the right type. I recommend a small, odor-controlled bin with a lid to prevent smells and pests. Keep it in a well-ventilated area like a kitchen corner or utility room. Regularly turn the compost and balance greens and browns to minimize odors. With proper care, indoor composting is efficient and eco-friendly without creating mess or smells.
What Materials Are Best for Compost Bin Construction?
When choosing materials for my compost bin, I look for durability and safety. I prefer sturdy plastics or woods like cedar because they resist rot and pests. Avoid treated woods or metals that can leach harmful substances. I also consider eco-friendly options like recycled plastics. Ultimately, I want a material that’s safe, long-lasting, and easy to maintain, helping me create rich compost without any worries.
How Do I Prevent Pests in Outdoor Compost Bins?
When I first started composting, pests were a nightmare—like uninvited guests at a party. To keep them out, I secure my bin tightly with a lid and avoid adding meat or dairy, which attract critters. Turning the compost regularly also helps, as it discourages pests from settling in. Using a bin with a fine mesh or pest-proof design makes a huge difference in keeping unwanted visitors at bay.
Are There Energy-Efficient Options for Electric Composters?
You’re wondering if there are energy-efficient electric composters available. I’ve found that many models now focus on energy savings by using low wattage motors and smart sensors that optimize operation times. Look for units with energy-efficient certifications or features like automatic shut-off. These options help reduce electricity use without sacrificing composting speed. I recommend researching specific brands known for eco-friendly appliances to find the best fit for your garden needs.
Conclusion
Just like a chef carefully selects the freshest ingredients, choosing the right compost bin transforms your garden waste into rich soil. I once started with a simple tumbler, and now my garden flourishes, proving that the right tools make all the difference. Whether you prefer indoor convenience or outdoor capacity, there’s a bin for you. Plunge into it, pick your perfect match, and watch your garden grow as lush as a well-tended kitchen.
